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An asthma attack is a sudden decline in quality of asthma attack symptoms induce by kindling and a narrowing of the flight path . This can make breathing difficult and , in stern event , be life - threatening .
Asthma bear on hundreds of millions of hoi polloi worldwide , and attacks can be spark off by allergens , respiratory infections , cold-blooded airwave , exercise or thorn , such assmokeand befoulment . But what actually fall out inside the body during an asthma blast ?
Three factors combine to drive the symptoms of asthma attacks.
" There are two cardinal physiologic changes during an asthma attack attack , " saidDr . Allen Dozor , a professor of pediatrics and sectionalization chief of pulmonology , allergic reaction and quietus medicine at New York Medical College .
The first is bronchospasm , Dozor told Live Science . During an asthma attack , the bronchi of the lungs — the passage that connect the windpipe to the lungs — spasm and narrow , making it difficult to breathe .
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During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed, constricted and filled with mucus, making breathing difficult.
The second change , he say , isinflammationin the airway , which is how the dead body react to allergen or pollutant we breathe in . " Inflammation is quite complicated , but we now spot that some patients with asthma have very modest lighting and some have massive fervour , " Dozor clarify .
In addition to bronchospasm and inflammation , mucus product can play a rolein asthma attack . The lung produce thick mucus , which clog the narrow down airways and make breathing more difficult . multitude with asthma typically have ongoing flight path inflammation , which leads to inveterate lift mucous secretion production , as well as a node of the air passage lining over time . Plus , during an asthma approach , there is a forgetful - terminus rush in mucous secretion yield spark off by rabble-rousing chemicals and molecules , such ashistamineand leukotrienes , which are made by immune cell .
These three factor — bronchospasm , inflammation and mucous secretion — combine to make breathing moil , leading to thehallmark symptoms of an asthma flack , including wheezing , shortness of breath , coughing and chest tightness .
When the airway begin to close , the body struggles to get enough oxygen . In mild cases , this may ensue in breathlessness and coughing , but in more severe attacks , oxygen levels can put down importantly , leading to lightheadedness , mental confusion and even a departure of cognisance . If untreated , a severe bronchial asthma attack can be disastrous .
The most immediate treatment for an asthma attack is arescue inhaler , which typically containsalbuterol , a chemical compound that quickly relaxes the airway muscle and intercept the release of some chemical substance involved in the hypersensitivity reaction . For more knockout eccentric , adrenal cortical steroid , which suppress excitement , may be give orally or through an IV . In emergency situations , atomic number 8 therapy or mechanically skillful ventilation may be required to help people breathe .
Prevention of asthma attack attack involve deflect the trigger of these three mechanism that drive mass ’s symptom .
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" Prevention is one of the most important aspects of asthma care,“Dr . James Lyons , a family medicine medico with expertise in asthma and a aesculapian consultant for Synergy Houses , recite Live Science in an email . " The estimable way to avoid severe attacks is to identify and understate exposure to triggers , whether allergens , smoke , cold air , or substantial odors . "
to boot , preventative medications that control asthmalower the risk of bronchospasm , inflammation and mucus production . These include inhaled corticosteroids , to snuff out inflammation and help counter mucous secretion production , and long - act beta - agonist , which help relax the airway . Some inhalers compound multiple medications to help stave in off attack .
" perplex to a ordained medicinal drug regime — especially for those with dogged asthma attack — is also key , " Lyons enjoin .
This article is for informational purposes only and is not meant to offer aesculapian advice .
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